CCNA Expl 1. Chapter 10. Planning and Cabling Networks.

CCNA Exploration. 
Network Fundamentals.
Chapter 10. Resume. Planning and Cabling Networks,

Internetwork Devices. 

Each LAN will have a router as its gateway connecting the LAN to other networks. 

Each port on a router connects to a different network and routes packets between the networks. 

~ have both LAN and WAN interfaces.

~ have the ability to break up broadcast domains and collision domains.

Intranetwork Devices.

1) Hub

The ports use a shared bandwidth approach and often have reduced performance in the LAN due to collisions and recovery.

2) Switch

~ is used to segment a network into multiple collision domains

~ receives a frame and regenerates each bit of the frame on to the appropriate destination port.

~ each port on the switch creates a separate collision domain

~ provides dedicated bandwidth on each port, which can increase LAN performance.

Factors of selecting a device:
 - Cost
 -Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces
 -Expandability
 -Manageability
 -Additional Features and Services for choosing a router include:
           ~ Expandability
           ~ Media 
           ~ Operating System Features can support:
                                                   ~  Security
                                                   ~  Quality of Service (QoS)
                                                   ~  Voice over IP (VoIP)
                                                   ~  Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols
                                                   ~  Special services such as Network Address Translation (NAT)  
                                                   ~ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

When planning the installation of LAN cabling, there are four physical areas to consider:

• Work area 
• Telecommunications room, also known as the distribution facility
• Backbone cabling, also known as vertical cabling
• Distribution cabling, also known as horizontal cabling 

Media types:

• UTP (Category 5, 5e, 6, and 7)
• Fiber-optics
• Wireless

To develop an addressing scheme for a network, start with determining the total number of hosts. Consider every device that will require an IP address, now and in the future.

The end devices requiring an IP address include:

~ User computers

~ Administrator computers

~ Servers

~ Other end devices such as printers, IP phones, and IP cameras

Network devices requiring an IP address include:

~ Router LAN interfaces

~ Router WAN (serial) interfaces

Network devices requiring an IP address for management include:

~ Switches

~ Wireless Access Points.

There are many reasons to divide a network into subnets:

1) Manage Broadcast Traffic - Broadcasts can be controlled because one large broadcast domain is divided into a number of smaller domains. Not every host in the system receives every broadcast.

2) Different Network Requirements - If different groups of users require specific network or computing facilities, it is easier to manage these requirements if those users who share requirements are all together on one subnet.

3) Security - Different levels of network security can be implemented based on network addresses. This enables the management of access to different network and data services.